演 讲 技 巧 --中英互译

演讲切忌：

Talking?too?rapidly;
语速太快;

Speaking?in?a?monotone;
声音单调；

Using?too?high?a?vocal?pitch;
声音尖细；

Talking?and?not?saying?much;
“谈”得太多，说得太少；

Presenting?without?enough?emotion?or?passion;
感情不充分；

Talking?down?to?the?audience;
对观众采取一种居高临下的姿态;

Using?too?many?"big"?words;
夸张的词语使用得太多；

Using?abstractions?without?giving?concrete?examples;
使用抽象概念而不给出事例加以说明；

Using?unfamiliar?technical?jargon;
使用别人不熟悉的技术术语；

Using?slang?or?profanity;
使用俚语或粗俗语；

Disorganized?and?rambling?performance;
演讲无组织，散乱无序；

Indirect?communication?i.e.?beating?around?the?bush；
说话绕弯子，不切中主题；



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How?to?communicate?with?the?audience
怎样与听众交流

A?message?worth?communicating;
要有值得交流的观点；

Gain?the?listeners’?atention:?capture?their?interest?and?build?their?trust;
引起听众的注意：抓住他们的兴趣并赢得信任；

Emphasize?understanding;
重视理解；

Obtain?their?feedback;
获得反馈；

Watch?your?emotional?tone;
注意声调要有感情；

Persuade?the?audience;
说服听众；


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How?to?gain?confidence
怎样变得自信

Smile?and?glance?at?the?audience;
微笑并看着观众；

Start?very?slowly，?with?your?shoulders?back?and?your?chin?up;
开始发言时要慢一点，身体保持昂首挺胸的姿态；

Open?your?speech?by?saying?something?very?frankly;
开场白说一些真诚话；

Wear?your?very?best?clothes;
穿上自己最好的衣服；

Say?something?positive?to?yourself;
对自己说一些积极的话；


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Four?objectives?of?the?speech
演讲的四个目标

To?offer?information;
提供信息；

To?entertain?the?audience;
使听众感到乐趣；

To?touch?emotions;
动之以情；

To?move?to?action;
使听众行动起来；


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How?to?organize?the?speech
怎样组织演讲

To?have?a?structure:?such?as?first，?second，?third;?geographically，?north，?south，?east，?west;?compare?and?contrasts;?our?side?versus?their?side;?negative?and?positive;
要有一个结构：可以分一二三点；可以从地理上分东南西北；比较与对比；我方与他方；正面与反面；

To?label?the?materials?such?as?jokes，?funny?anecdotes，?favorite?sayings，?interesting?statistics;
将材料归类整理，如笑话、趣事、名人名言、有趣的数据；

To?use?notecards;
使用卡片；


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How?to?use?cards
怎样使用卡片

Number?your?cards?on?the?top?right;
在卡片的右上角标上数字；

Write?a?complete?sentence?on?both?your?first?and?last?card;
在第一张和最后一张上写上完整的句子；

Write?up?to?five?key?words?on?other?cards;
其他卡片上最多只能写五个关键词；

Use?color?to?mark?the?words?you?want?to?emphasize;
用颜色来标记你想强调的词；

Remind?yourself?at?a?particular?sport?to?check?the?time.
在某一处提醒自己查看时间。


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How?to?cope?with?brownout
如何对付忘词

Just?smile?and?go?to?the?next?card.?Not?the?one?in?front?of?you，?but?to?the?next?following.?Look?at?the?first?word?on?it.?This?will?be?the?point?from?which?you?will?now?continue.?Of?course?you?missed?part?of?your?speech.?But?nobody?will?notice?it.?They?will?blame?themselves?for?not?following?your?thoughts.
只需要微微一笑，继续下一张卡片上的内容，不是摆在你目前的那张卡片，而是下一张。看一下卡片上的第一个单词，这就是你要继续的要点。当然你会遗漏一部分内容，但是没有人会注意到这一点。听众只会责怪自己没有跟上你的思路。


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How?to?begin
如何开头

To?tell?a?story?(about?yourself);
讲个（自己的）故事；

To?acknowledge?the?occasion?of?the?gathering；
对大家能够聚在一起表示感谢；

To?pay?the?listeners?a?compliment；
称赞一下听众；

To?quote?；
引用名人名言；

To?use?unusual?statistics；
使用一些不平常的数据；

To?ask?the?audience?a?challenging?question；
问观众一个挑战性的问题；

To?show?a?video?or?a?slide.
播放录像带或看幻灯片。


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How?to?close
如何结尾

To?repeat?your?opening;
重复你的开头；

To?summarize?your?presentation;
概括你的演讲；

To?close?with?an?anecdote;
以趣事结尾；

To?end?with?a?call?to?action;
以号召行动结尾；

To?ask?a?rhetorical?question;
以反问结尾；

To?make?a?statement;
以一个陈述句结尾；

To?show?an?outline?of?your?presentation.
展示演讲大纲。


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Eye?contact
眼神交流

Move?your?eyes?slowly?from?person?to?person，?and?pause?two?or?three?seconds?with?each?listener;
眼睛慢慢地从一个移动到另一个人，在每一个人身上停留两到三秒钟时间；

Look?at?people?straight?or?look?at?the?bridge?of?their?noses?or?chins;
眼睛直视听众，或看着他们的鼻梁或下巴

Look?for?the?friendlier?faces?and?smile?at?them?one?by?one，?then?move?on?to?the?more?skeptical?members?and?smile?at?them?one?by?one?also;
找到那些看起来比较友善的听众，逐次朝他们微笑；然后目标转向那些有些怀疑的听众，也逐渐朝他们微笑；

Imagine?the?audience?in?bathrobes?in?case?you?are?nervous.
如果你感到紧张，不妨想象听众都穿着浴衣的样子。


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How?to?use?the?microphone
如何使用话筒

You?must?speak?up?and?project?your?voice?even?if?you?are?using?a?microphone;
即使是用话筒，也要声音响亮并运气发声；

Your?voice?should?be?resonant?and?sustained?when?you?speak;
声音要有回声并能稍持续一阵儿；

Pitch?your?voice?slightly?lower?than?normal.?Listeners?tend?to?associate?credibility?and?authority?with?a?relatively?deep?voice;
音调要定得比正常讲话时低一些，听众往往把可信度与权威性与一个相对低沉的声音联系在一起；

Try?to?end?declarative?sentences?on?a?low?tone?without，?however，?trailing?off?in?volume;
尽量用降调结束陈述句，但不要减弱音量；

Slow?down.
放慢语速。


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Keynote?speech
基调发言

A?Keynote?speech?is?to?outline?the?subjects?to?be?addressed?by?other?speakers?at?an?event，and?to?establish?the?tone?of?a?meeting?or?program.
基调发言也称主题演讲，目的就是限定一个集会上其他演讲者演讲的主题，奠定一个会议或活动的基调。基调发言也直接关系到确立大会的感情基调。


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What?to?say
演讲指南

Plan?well?in?advance;
预先计划好；

Make?sure?you?fully?understand?your?role?in?the?program;
保证自己充分了解在活动中的角色；

Devote?care?to?structuring?your?speech?logically;
认真地构思演讲，使其结构符合逻辑；

Devote?care?to?setting?the?proper?tone.
认真设定适当的基调。


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How?to?use?equipment
如何使用设备

Check?light?bulbs，electrical?power，cable?connections，outlets?and?contacts，switches?and?any?moving?parts;
检查电灯、电源、线路的连接、插座和触电、开关以及一些移动部件

Confirm?twice?that?all?your?equipment?will?be?available?on?the?time?of?the?day?that?you?need?it?
保证设备能在你使用那天正常工作，至少要确认两次；

Arrange?to?have?back-up?equipment?close?by?and?be?prepared?to?present?without?visuals;
准备一些后备设备以防万一，并做好没有图像资料仍能演讲的准备；

Remember?to?carry?your?equipment?and?ensure?it?will?not?be?lost.
记得带上所需要用的设备，不要弄丢了。


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Typical?signals?of?nervousness
紧张的典型特征

Hands?in?pockets?手放在口袋里
Increased?blinking?of?the?eyes?眨眼次数过多；
Failure?to?make?eye?contact害怕眼神的接触；
Licking?and?biting?of?the?lips?舔嘴唇和史嘴唇；
Finger?tapping?敲叩手指；
Fast，jerky?gestures?手势又急又快；
Cracking?voices?粗哑的声音
Increased?rate?of?speech?讲话速度加快；
Clearing?of?the?throat?清嗓子；
Buttocks?clamped?tightly?together?臀部崩得紧紧的；
The?way?to?over?come?nervousness?is?breathe?in?deep?and?breathe?out?slowly?for?some?times.
克服紧张的办法是调匀呼吸，深吸气，慢呼出。


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HOW?to?dress
如何穿着得体

Dark?colored?suits?or?dresses；
穿深色西装；

Red?ties?or?scarves;
空朴素的白衬衫或上衣；

Black?shoes，freshly?polished;
戴红色的领带或丝巾；

Very?little?jewelry?-worn?discreetly;
穿刚刚擦亮的黑色鞋子；

Calm，slow?gestures?and?slow?movements;
尽量不戴首饰，要戴的话要非常小心；

Shoulders?back，chin?up.
挺胸抬头。


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HOW?to?use?gestures
如何使有手势

Make?sure?all?your?gestures?are?smooth?and?natural;
所有的动作都应该流畅自然；

Don’t?put?your?hands?in?your?pockets;
不要把手插在口袋里；

Let?your?hands?and?arms?drop?naturally?to?your?side?，gently?fold?both?indes?fingers?together，without?wringing?or?gripping?your?hands?in?any?way;
将手和手臂自然地在身体两侧下垂，轻微屈起食指，不要扭在一起或紧握拳头；

Let?your?hands?do?what?they?want?to?do?as?long?as?they?don’t?go?back?into?your?pockets?or?make?obscene?gestures.
手想要怎样就让它怎样，直到它不再回到你的口袋或在听众面前做一些惹人讨厌的手势。

Point?at?imaginary?objects?and?don’t?point?at?others?with?your?index?finger;
手可以指点着假想的物体，不要用食指指着别人；

Size?or?quantity?can?also?easily?be?shown?by?expanding?or?contracting?the?hands;
心寸的大小和数量的多少也可以通过两手的扩张和收缩来演示；

Gracefully?show?your?audience?the?appropriate?number?of?fingers?by?holding?your?hands?at?a?45?degree?angle?from?your?head;
手抬起并与头成四十五度角，优雅地用手势表示出数字；

TO?emphasize?physical?size?such?as?length，width，hold?your?hands?out?in?front?you?widely?apart?to?move?them?up?and?down.
如果想要强调长度尺寸的大小，将两手伸向前方，尽量分开，并上下移动。