分层法（论坛帖）

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层别法:
按照某一标准, 对事物进行分类, 以便进一步分析
层别是其他手法(如检查表, 柏拉图, 直方图等)的基础.
分层的原则:
保持选择目的, 利用专业知识,
符合周延和互斥原则
常用分层:
人: 组别, 年龄, 教育程度, 性别, 熟练度, 职称等
原材料: 批, 供应商, 产地, 成分, 等级, 零件等
设备: 设备名, 型号, 厂商, 位置, 新旧等
作业条件: 温度, 湿度, 速度, 作业方法等
测定和检查: 测定者, 检查方法, 量具等
不良与错误状况: 错误项目别, 发生位置别,
时间: 上午,下午, 加班, 晚班, 周, 月,季节等
举例:
某造纸厂规定白班人员须每小时抽测n次, 每次抽6段, 并测量中央及两侧之厚度加以管制. 最近业务经理反映客户对纸张厚度不匀屡有抱怨, 总经理要求品保经理追查原因.
Stratification:
By certain standards, divide things into different groups for further analysis.
Stratification is the foundation for other tools, such as checklist, pareto, histogram etc.
Principles:
Keep the purpose in mind; use specialized knowledge.
The strata should be flexible and mutually exclusive.
Often used strata:
People: team, age, education, sex, proficiency, job title, etc.
Materials: batch, supplier, original place, ingredient, grade, component, etc.
Equipment: name, model, manufacturer, location, abrasion, etc.
Work condition: temperature, humidity, speed, operation, etc.
Inspection: inspector, inspection method, equipment, etc.
Error condition: items, location, etc.
Time: AM, PM, overtime, night shift, week, month, season, etc.
For instance:
A paper plant specifies people on the day shift must sample n times an hour, 6 segments once, measure and control the thickness of the central parts and the fringe parts. Recently the sales manager reported that customers often complained the thickness was uneven. The general manager demanded the QA manager to find out why.